A state‐of‐the‐art review of the fate of heavy metals and product properties from pyrolysis of heavy‐metal(loid)‐enriched biomass harvested from phytoextraction

Vegetation has successfully been used for cleaning up metal(loid) polluted water bodies and lands through extracting accumulating of contaminants in their aboveground biomass (phytoextraction). As this remediation technique is approaching extensive demonstration scale application potential commercialisation, research efforts have investigating new ways to achieve valorization its by-products, the heavy-metal-enriched (HMEB). Biomass pyrolysis as an energy conversion represents a key step numerous options HMEB. During HMEB, understanding thermal decomposition pathways, migration transformation metal(loid)s are critical production clean, safe value-added end-products. This work performs state-of-the-art review studies conducted on phytoextraction HMEB with emphasis properties products well behavior heavy during relation feedstock variables process.